Parameter: λ₁₂ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

σ₁₁λ₁₂-σ₁₂

Single Door Criterion:

{1} ⊥ {2} | {}

Parameter: λ₁₃ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

σ₁₄σ₂₂λ₁₃-σ₁₂σ₂₄λ₁₃+σ₂₃σ₂₄-σ₂₂σ₃₄,
σ₁₂σ₁₄λ₁₃-σ₁₁σ₂₄λ₁₃+σ₁₃σ₂₄-σ₁₂σ₃₄,
σ₁₂²λ₁₃-σ₁₁σ₂₂λ₁₃+σ₁₃σ₂₂-σ₁₂σ₂₃

Single Door Criterion:

{1} ⊥ {3} | {2}
{1} ⊥ {3} | {2,4}

Instrumental Variable:

4 | {2}

Parameter: λ₁₄

Parameter: λ₂₃ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

σ₁₄σ₂₂λ₂₃-σ₁₄σ₂₃-σ₁₂σ₂₄λ₂₃+σ₁₂σ₃₄,
σ₁₂σ₁₄λ₂₃-σ₁₃σ₁₄-σ₁₁σ₂₄λ₂₃+σ₁₁σ₃₄,
σ₁₂²λ₂₃-σ₁₂σ₁₃-σ₁₁σ₂₂λ₂₃+σ₁₁σ₂₃

Single Door Criterion:

{2} ⊥ {3} | {1}
{2} ⊥ {3} | {1,4}

Instrumental Variable:

4 | {1}

Parameter: λ₂₄ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

σ₁₃σ₂₂λ₂₄-σ₁₂σ₂₃λ₂₄-σ₁₃σ₂₄+σ₁₂σ₃₄,
σ₁₂σ₁₃λ₂₄-σ₁₃σ₁₄-σ₁₁σ₂₃λ₂₄+σ₁₁σ₃₄,
σ₁₂²λ₂₄-σ₁₂σ₁₄-σ₁₁σ₂₂λ₂₄+σ₁₁σ₂₄

Single Door Criterion:

{2} ⊥ {4} | {1}
{2} ⊥ {4} | {1,3}

Instrumental Variable:

3 | {1}

Parameter: ω₁₁ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

-σ₁₁+ω₁₁

Parameter: ω₁₄

Parameter: ω₂₂ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

σ₁₂²-σ₁₁σ₂₂+σ₁₁ω₂₂

Parameter: ω₃₃ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

σ₁₄σ₂₃²-σ₁₃σ₂₃σ₂₄-σ₁₄σ₂₂σ₃₃+σ₁₂σ₂₄σ₃₃+σ₁₃σ₂₂σ₃₄-σ₁₂σ₂₃σ₃₄+σ₁₄σ₂₂ω₃₃-σ₁₂σ₂₄ω₃₃,
σ₁₃σ₁₄σ₂₃-σ₁₃²σ₂₄-σ₁₂σ₁₄σ₃₃+σ₁₁σ₂₄σ₃₃+σ₁₂σ₁₃σ₃₄-σ₁₁σ₂₃σ₃₄+σ₁₂σ₁₄ω₃₃-σ₁₁σ₂₄ω₃₃,
-σ₁₃²σ₂₂+2σ₁₂σ₁₃σ₂₃-σ₁₁σ₂₃²-σ₁₂²σ₃₃+σ₁₁σ₂₂σ₃₃+σ₁₂²ω₃₃-σ₁₁σ₂₂ω₃₃

Parameter: ω₄₄

Total Effect of X₁ on X₃: λ₁₂λ₂₃+λ₁₃ Identified

Each Parameter Identified

Back Door Criterion:


{1} ⊥ {2,3} | {}

Total Effect of X₁ on X₄: λ₁₂λ₂₄+λ₁₄

Path-specific Effect of X₁ on X₄: λ₁₂λ₂₄ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

σ₁₁σ₁₃σ₂₂λ₁₂λ₂₄-σ₁₁σ₁₂σ₂₃λ₁₂λ₂₄-σ₁₂σ₁₃σ₂₄+σ₁₂²σ₃₄,
σ₁₁σ₁₂σ₁₃λ₁₂λ₂₄-σ₁₂σ₁₃σ₁₄-σ₁₁²σ₂₃λ₁₂λ₂₄+σ₁₁σ₁₂σ₃₄,
σ₁₁σ₁₂²λ₁₂λ₂₄-σ₁₂²σ₁₄-σ₁₁²σ₂₂λ₁₂λ₂₄+σ₁₁σ₁₂σ₂₄

Vanishing Ideal

Constraint Set:

σ₁₃σ₁₄σ₂₂-σ₁₂σ₁₄σ₂₃-σ₁₂σ₁₃σ₂₄+σ₁₁σ₂₃σ₂₄+σ₁₂²σ₃₄-σ₁₁σ₂₂σ₃₄

All constraints are determinantal

Trek-separation:

{1,2,3} ⊥ {1,2,4} | ({1,2},{})
{1,2,3} ⊥ {2,1,4} | ({1},{2})