Parameter: λ₁₂ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

σ₁₁λ₁₂-σ₁₂

Single Door Criterion:

{1} ⊥ {2} | {}

Parameter: λ₁₃

Parameter: λ₁₄

Parameter: λ₂₃

Parameter: λ₃₄ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

σ₁₂σ₁₃λ₃₄-σ₁₂σ₁₄-σ₁₁σ₂₃λ₃₄+σ₁₁σ₂₄

Instrumental Variable:

2 | {1}

Parameter: ω₁₁ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

-σ₁₁+ω₁₁

Parameter: ω₁₃

Parameter: ω₁₄

Parameter: ω₂₂ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

σ₁₂²-σ₁₁σ₂₂+σ₁₁ω₂₂

Parameter: ω₂₃

Parameter: ω₃₃

Parameter: ω₃₄

Parameter: ω₄₄

Total Effect of X₁ on X₃: λ₁₂λ₂₃+λ₁₃

Total Effect of X₁ on X₄: λ₁₂λ₂₃λ₃₄+λ₁₃λ₃₄+λ₁₄

Total Effect of X₂ on X₄: λ₂₃λ₃₄

Vanishing Ideal

Zero Vanishing Ideal