Parameter: λ₁₂

Parameter: λ₁₃

Parameter: λ₁₄ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

σ₁₁λ₁₄-σ₁₄

Single Door Criterion:

{1} ⊥ {4} | {}

Parameter: λ₂₃ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

σ₁₂σ₁₄λ₂₃-σ₁₃σ₁₄-σ₁₁σ₂₄λ₂₃+σ₁₁σ₃₄

Instrumental Variable:

4 | {1}

Parameter: ω₁₁ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

-σ₁₁+ω₁₁

Parameter: ω₁₂

Parameter: ω₁₃

Parameter: ω₂₂

Parameter: ω₂₄ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

σ₁₂σ₁₄-σ₁₁σ₂₄+σ₁₁ω₂₄

Parameter: ω₃₃

Parameter: ω₄₄ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

σ₁₄²-σ₁₁σ₄₄+σ₁₁ω₄₄

Total Effect of X₁ on X₃: λ₁₂λ₂₃+λ₁₃

Path-specific Effect of X₁ on X₃: λ₁₂λ₂₃

Vanishing Ideal

Zero Vanishing Ideal