Parameter: λ₁₂

Parameter: λ₁₃

Parameter: λ₂₃

Parameter: ω₁₁ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

-σ₁₁+ω₁₁

Parameter: ω₁₂

Parameter: ω₁₃

Parameter: ω₂₂

Parameter: ω₂₃

Parameter: ω₂₄ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

-σ₂₄+ω₂₄

Parameter: ω₃₃

Parameter: ω₃₄

Parameter: ω₄₄ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

-σ₄₄+ω₄₄

Total Effect of X₁ on X₃: λ₁₂λ₂₃+λ₁₃

Path-specific Effect of X₁ on X₃: λ₁₂λ₂₃

Vanishing Ideal

Constraint Set:

σ₁₄

All constraints are determinantal

Trek-separation:

{1} ⊥ {4} | ({},{})