Parameter: λ₁₂

Parameter: λ₁₃

Parameter: λ₂₃

Parameter: ω₁₁ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

-σ₁₁+ω₁₁

Parameter: ω₁₂

Parameter: ω₁₃

Parameter: ω₂₂

Parameter: ω₃₃

Parameter: ω₃₄ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

-σ₃₄+ω₃₄

Parameter: ω₄₄ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

-σ₄₄+ω₄₄

Total Effect of X₁ on X₃: λ₁₂λ₂₃+λ₁₃

Path-specific Effect of X₁ on X₃: λ₁₂λ₂₃

Vanishing Ideal

Constraint Set:

σ₂₄,
σ₁₄

All constraints are determinantal

Trek-separation:

{1,2} ⊥ {4} | ({},{})
{1,2} ⊥ {3,4} | ({},{3})
{1,2} ⊥ {2,4} | ({},{2})
{1,2} ⊥ {1,4} | ({},{1})