Parameter: λ₁₂ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

σ₁₁λ₁₂-σ₁₂

Single Door Criterion:

{1} ⊥ {2,4} | {}
{1} ⊥ {2} | {4}

Parameter: λ₁₃

Parameter: λ₂₃

Parameter: ω₁₁ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

-σ₁₁+ω₁₁

Parameter: ω₂₂ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

σ₁₂²-σ₁₁σ₂₂+σ₁₁ω₂₂

Parameter: ω₂₃

Parameter: ω₂₄ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

-σ₂₄+ω₂₄

Parameter: ω₃₃

Parameter: ω₃₄

Parameter: ω₄₄ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

-σ₄₄+ω₄₄

Total Effect of X₁ on X₃: λ₁₂λ₂₃+λ₁₃ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

σ₁₁λ₁₂λ₂₃+σ₁₁λ₁₃-σ₁₃

Back Door Criterion:

{1} ⊥ {2,3,4} | {}
{1} ⊥ {2,3} | {4}

Path-specific Effect of X₁ on X₃: λ₁₂λ₂₃

Vanishing Ideal

Constraint Set:

σ₁₄

All constraints are determinantal

Trek-separation:

{1} ⊥ {4} | ({},{})