Parameter: λ₁₂ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

σ₁₁λ₁₂-σ₁₂

Single Door Criterion:

{1} ⊥ {2,4} | {}
{1} ⊥ {2} | {4}

Parameter: λ₁₃ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

σ₁₁σ₂₄λ₁₃-σ₁₃σ₂₄+σ₁₂σ₃₄

Parameter: λ₂₃ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

σ₂₄λ₂₃-σ₃₄

Instrumental Variable:

4 | {}
4 | {1}

Parameter: ω₁₁ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

-σ₁₁+ω₁₁

Parameter: ω₂₂ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

σ₁₂²-σ₁₁σ₂₂+σ₁₁ω₂₂

Parameter: ω₂₃ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

σ₁₂σ₁₃σ₂₄-σ₁₁σ₂₃σ₂₄-σ₁₂²σ₃₄+σ₁₁σ₂₂σ₃₄+σ₁₁σ₂₄ω₂₃

Parameter: ω₂₄ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

-σ₂₄+ω₂₄

Parameter: ω₃₃ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

σ₁₃²σ₂₄²-σ₁₁σ₂₄²σ₃₃-2σ₁₂σ₁₃σ₂₄σ₃₄+2σ₁₁σ₂₃σ₂₄σ₃₄+σ₁₂²σ₃₄²-σ₁₁σ₂₂σ₃₄²+σ₁₁σ₂₄²ω₃₃

Parameter: ω₄₄ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

-σ₄₄+ω₄₄

Total Effect of X₁ on X₃: λ₁₂λ₂₃+λ₁₃ Identified

Each Parameter Identified

Back Door Criterion:


{1} ⊥ {2,3,4} | {}
{1} ⊥ {2,3} | {4}

Vanishing Ideal

Constraint Set:

σ₁₄

All constraints are determinantal

Trek-separation:

{1} ⊥ {4} | ({},{})