Parameter: λ₁₂ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

σ₁₁λ₁₂-σ₁₂

Single Door Criterion:

{1} ⊥ {2,4} | {}
{1} ⊥ {2} | {4}

Parameter: λ₁₃ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

σ₁₂²λ₁₃-σ₁₁σ₂₂λ₁₃+σ₁₃σ₂₂-σ₁₂σ₂₃

Single Door Criterion:

{1} ⊥ {3,4} | {2}
{1} ⊥ {3} | {2,4}

Parameter: λ₂₃ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

σ₁₂²λ₂₃-σ₁₂σ₁₃-σ₁₁σ₂₂λ₂₃+σ₁₁σ₂₃

Single Door Criterion:

{2} ⊥ {3,4} | {1}
{2} ⊥ {3} | {1,4}

Parameter: ω₁₁ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

-σ₁₁+ω₁₁

Parameter: ω₂₂ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

σ₁₂²-σ₁₁σ₂₂+σ₁₁ω₂₂

Parameter: ω₃₃ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

-σ₁₃²σ₂₂+2σ₁₂σ₁₃σ₂₃-σ₁₁σ₂₃²-σ₁₂²σ₃₃+σ₁₁σ₂₂σ₃₃+σ₁₂²ω₃₃-σ₁₁σ₂₂ω₃₃

Parameter: ω₄₄ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

-σ₄₄+ω₄₄

Total Effect of X₁ on X₃: λ₁₂λ₂₃+λ₁₃ Identified

Each Parameter Identified

Back Door Criterion:


{1} ⊥ {2,3,4} | {}
{1} ⊥ {2,3} | {4}

Vanishing Ideal

Constraint Set:

σ₃₄,
σ₂₄,
σ₁₄

All constraints are determinantal

Trek-separation:

{1,2,3} ⊥ {4} | ({},{})
{1,2,3} ⊥ {1,4} | ({1},{})
{1,2,3} ⊥ {3,4} | ({},{3})
{1,2,3} ⊥ {2,4} | ({},{2})
{1,2,3} ⊥ {1,4} | ({},{1})
{1,2,3} ⊥ {1,2,4} | ({1,2},{})
{2,1,3} ⊥ {1,2,4} | ({2},{1})
{1,2,3} ⊥ {3,1,4} | ({1},{3})
{1,2,3} ⊥ {2,1,4} | ({1},{2})
{1,2,3} ⊥ {2,3,4} | ({},{2,3})
{1,2,3} ⊥ {1,3,4} | ({},{1,3})
{1,2,3} ⊥ {1,2,4} | ({},{1,2})