Parameter: λ₁₂

Parameter: λ₁₃

Parameter: λ₃₄ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

σ₃₃λ₃₄-σ₃₄,
σ₁₃λ₃₄-σ₁₄

Single Door Criterion:

{3} ⊥ {4} | {}
{3} ⊥ {4} | {1}

Instrumental Variable:

1 | {}

Parameter: ω₁₁ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

-σ₁₁+ω₁₁

Parameter: ω₁₂

Parameter: ω₁₃

Parameter: ω₂₂

Parameter: ω₂₃

Parameter: ω₂₄ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

-σ₂₄σ₃₃+σ₂₃σ₃₄+σ₃₃ω₂₄,
σ₁₄σ₂₃-σ₁₃σ₂₄+σ₁₃ω₂₄

Parameter: ω₃₃

Parameter: ω₄₄ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

σ₃₄²-σ₃₃σ₄₄+σ₃₃ω₄₄,
σ₁₄σ₃₄-σ₁₃σ₄₄+σ₁₃ω₄₄

Total Effect of X₁ on X₄: λ₁₃λ₃₄

Vanishing Ideal

Constraint Set:

σ₁₄σ₃₃-σ₁₃σ₃₄

All constraints are determinantal

Trek-separation:

{1,3} ⊥ {3,4} | ({},{3})