Parameter: λ₁₂

Parameter: λ₁₄ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

σ₁₂σ₁₃λ₁₄-σ₁₁σ₂₃λ₁₄+σ₁₄σ₂₃-σ₁₃σ₂₄,
σ₁₂²λ₁₄-σ₁₁σ₂₂λ₁₄+σ₁₄σ₂₂-σ₁₂σ₂₄

Single Door Criterion:

{1} ⊥ {3,4} | {2}
{1} ⊥ {4} | {2,3}

Parameter: λ₂₃ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

σ₂₂λ₂₃-σ₂₃,
σ₁₂λ₂₃-σ₁₃

Single Door Criterion:

{2} ⊥ {3} | {}
{2} ⊥ {3} | {1}

Instrumental Variable:

1 | {}

Parameter: λ₂₄

Parameter: λ₃₄

Parameter: ω₁₁ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

-σ₁₁+ω₁₁

Parameter: ω₁₂

Parameter: ω₂₂

Parameter: ω₃₃ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

σ₂₃²-σ₂₂σ₃₃+σ₂₂ω₃₃,
σ₁₃σ₂₃-σ₁₂σ₃₃+σ₁₂ω₃₃

Parameter: ω₃₄

Parameter: ω₄₄

Total Effect of X₁ on X₃: λ₁₂λ₂₃

Total Effect of X₁ on X₄: λ₁₂λ₂₃λ₃₄+λ₁₂λ₂₄+λ₁₄

Path-specific Effect of X₁ on X₄: λ₁₂λ₂₃λ₃₄

Path-specific Effect of X₁ on X₄: λ₁₂λ₂₄

Total Effect of X₂ on X₄: λ₂₃λ₃₄+λ₂₄ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

σ₁₂²λ₂₃λ₃₄+σ₁₂²λ₂₄-σ₁₂σ₁₄-σ₁₁σ₂₂λ₂₃λ₃₄-σ₁₁σ₂₂λ₂₄+σ₁₁σ₂₄

Back Door Criterion:

{2} ⊥ {3,4} | {1}

Path-specific Effect of X₂ on X₄: λ₂₃λ₃₄

Vanishing Ideal

Constraint Set:

σ₁₃σ₂₂-σ₁₂σ₂₃

All constraints are determinantal

Trek-separation:

{1,2} ⊥ {2,3} | ({},{2})