Parameter: λ₁₂

Parameter: λ₁₄ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

σ₁₃λ₁₄-σ₃₄,
σ₁₂λ₁₄-σ₂₄,
σ₁₁λ₁₄-σ₁₄

Single Door Criterion:

{1} ⊥ {4} | {}
{1} ⊥ {4} | {3}
{1} ⊥ {4} | {2}
{1} ⊥ {4} | {2,3}

Instrumental Variable:

2 | {}
2 | {3}
3 | {}
3 | {2}

Parameter: λ₂₃ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

σ₂₄λ₂₃-σ₃₄,
σ₁₂λ₂₃-σ₁₃

Instrumental Variable:

1 | {}
1 | {4}
4 | {}

Parameter: ω₁₁ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

-σ₁₁+ω₁₁

Parameter: ω₁₂

Parameter: ω₂₂

Parameter: ω₂₃ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

-σ₂₃σ₂₄+σ₂₂σ₃₄+σ₂₄ω₂₃,
σ₁₃σ₂₂-σ₁₂σ₂₃+σ₁₂ω₂₃

Parameter: ω₃₃ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

-σ₂₄²σ₃₃+2σ₂₃σ₂₄σ₃₄-σ₂₂σ₃₄²+σ₂₄²ω₃₃,
-σ₁₂σ₂₄σ₃₃-σ₁₃σ₂₂σ₃₄+2σ₁₂σ₂₃σ₃₄+σ₁₂σ₂₄ω₃₃,
-σ₁₃²σ₂₂+2σ₁₂σ₁₃σ₂₃-σ₁₂²σ₃₃+σ₁₂²ω₃₃

Parameter: ω₄₄ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

σ₁₄σ₃₄-σ₁₃σ₄₄+σ₁₃ω₄₄,
σ₁₄σ₂₄-σ₁₂σ₄₄+σ₁₂ω₄₄,
σ₁₄²-σ₁₁σ₄₄+σ₁₁ω₄₄

Total Effect of X₁ on X₃: λ₁₂λ₂₃

Vanishing Ideal

Constraint Set:

σ₁₃σ₂₄-σ₁₂σ₃₄,
σ₁₃σ₁₄-σ₁₁σ₃₄,
σ₁₂σ₁₄-σ₁₁σ₂₄

All constraints are determinantal

Trek-separation:

{2,3} ⊥ {1,4} | ({2},{})
{1,2,3} ⊥ {1,4} | ({},{1})
{1,2,3} ⊥ {1,3,4} | ({},{1,3})
{1,2,3} ⊥ {1,2,4} | ({},{1,2})