Parameter: λ₁₂ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

σ₁₄λ₁₂-σ₂₄,
σ₁₁λ₁₂-σ₁₂

Single Door Criterion:

{1} ⊥ {2} | {}
{1} ⊥ {2} | {4}

Instrumental Variable:

4 | {}

Parameter: λ₁₄

Parameter: λ₂₃

Parameter: ω₁₁ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

-σ₁₁+ω₁₁

Parameter: ω₁₃

Parameter: ω₁₄

Parameter: ω₂₂ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

-σ₁₄σ₂₂+σ₁₂σ₂₄+σ₁₄ω₂₂,
σ₁₂²-σ₁₁σ₂₂+σ₁₁ω₂₂

Parameter: ω₂₃

Parameter: ω₃₃

Parameter: ω₄₄

Total Effect of X₁ on X₃: λ₁₂λ₂₃

Vanishing Ideal

Constraint Set:

σ₁₂σ₁₄-σ₁₁σ₂₄

All constraints are determinantal

Trek-separation:

{1,2} ⊥ {1,4} | ({1},{})