Parameter: λ₁₂ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

σ₁₁λ₁₂-σ₁₂

Single Door Criterion:

{1} ⊥ {2,3} | {}
{1} ⊥ {2} | {3}

Parameter: λ₁₄

Parameter: λ₂₄

Parameter: λ₃₄

Parameter: ω₁₁ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

-σ₁₁+ω₁₁

Parameter: ω₂₂ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

σ₁₂²-σ₁₁σ₂₂+σ₁₁ω₂₂

Parameter: ω₂₃ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

-σ₂₃+ω₂₃

Parameter: ω₃₃ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

-σ₃₃+ω₃₃

Parameter: ω₃₄

Parameter: ω₄₄

Total Effect of X₁ on X₄: λ₁₂λ₂₄+λ₁₄ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

σ₁₁λ₁₂λ₂₄+σ₁₁λ₁₄-σ₁₄

Back Door Criterion:

{1} ⊥ {2,3,4} | {}
{1} ⊥ {2,4} | {3}

Path-specific Effect of X₁ on X₄: λ₁₂λ₂₄

Vanishing Ideal

Constraint Set:

σ₁₃

All constraints are determinantal

Trek-separation:

{1} ⊥ {3} | ({},{})