Parameter: λ₁₂ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

σ₁₁λ₁₂-σ₁₂

Single Door Criterion:

{1} ⊥ {2,3} | {}
{1} ⊥ {2} | {3}

Parameter: λ₁₄

Parameter: λ₂₄

Parameter: ω₁₁ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

-σ₁₁+ω₁₁

Parameter: ω₂₂ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

σ₁₂²-σ₁₁σ₂₂+σ₁₁ω₂₂

Parameter: ω₂₄

Parameter: ω₃₃ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

-σ₃₃+ω₃₃

Parameter: ω₄₄

Total Effect of X₁ on X₄: λ₁₂λ₂₄+λ₁₄ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

σ₁₁λ₁₂λ₂₄+σ₁₁λ₁₄-σ₁₄

Back Door Criterion:

{1} ⊥ {2,3,4} | {}
{1} ⊥ {2,4} | {3}

Path-specific Effect of X₁ on X₄: λ₁₂λ₂₄

Vanishing Ideal

Constraint Set:

σ₃₄,
σ₂₃,
σ₁₃

All constraints are determinantal

Trek-separation:

{3} ⊥ {1,2,4} | ({},{})
{1,3} ⊥ {1,2,4} | ({1},{})
{2,3} ⊥ {1,2,4} | ({2},{})
{4,3} ⊥ {1,2,4} | ({4},{})
{1,3} ⊥ {1,2,4} | ({},{1})
{1,2,3} ⊥ {1,2,4} | ({1,2},{})
{1,4,3} ⊥ {1,2,4} | ({1,4},{})
{2,4,3} ⊥ {1,2,4} | ({2,4},{})
{2,1,3} ⊥ {1,2,4} | ({2},{1})
{4,1,3} ⊥ {1,2,4} | ({4},{1})