Parameter: λ₁₂

Parameter: λ₂₃ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

σ₂₂λ₂₃-σ₂₃,
σ₁₂λ₂₃-σ₁₃

Single Door Criterion:

{2} ⊥ {3} | {}
{2} ⊥ {3} | {1}

Instrumental Variable:

1 | {}
1 | {4}

Parameter: ω₁₁ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

-σ₁₁+ω₁₁

Parameter: ω₁₂

Parameter: ω₂₂

Parameter: ω₂₄ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

-σ₂₄+ω₂₄

Parameter: ω₃₃ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

σ₂₃²-σ₂₂σ₃₃+σ₂₂ω₃₃,
σ₁₃σ₂₃-σ₁₂σ₃₃+σ₁₂ω₃₃

Parameter: ω₃₄ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

σ₂₃σ₂₄-σ₂₂σ₃₄+σ₂₂ω₃₄,
σ₁₃σ₂₄-σ₁₂σ₃₄+σ₁₂ω₃₄

Parameter: ω₄₄ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

-σ₄₄+ω₄₄

Total Effect of X₁ on X₃: λ₁₂λ₂₃

Vanishing Ideal

Constraint Set:

σ₁₄,
σ₁₃σ₂₂-σ₁₂σ₂₃

All constraints are determinantal

Trek-separation:

{1} ⊥ {4} | ({},{})
{1,2} ⊥ {2,3} | ({},{2})