Parameter: λ₁₂ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

σ₁₄λ₁₂-σ₂₄,
σ₁₁λ₁₂-σ₁₂

Single Door Criterion:

{1} ⊥ {2,3} | {}
{1} ⊥ {2,3} | {4}

Instrumental Variable:

4 | {}

Parameter: λ₂₃ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

σ₂₄λ₂₃-σ₃₄,
σ₁₂λ₂₃-σ₁₃

Instrumental Variable:

1 | {}
1 | {4}
4 | {}

Parameter: ω₁₁ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

-σ₁₁+ω₁₁

Parameter: ω₁₄ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

-σ₁₄+ω₁₄

Parameter: ω₂₂ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

-σ₁₄σ₂₂+σ₁₂σ₂₄+σ₁₄ω₂₂,
σ₁₂²-σ₁₁σ₂₂+σ₁₁ω₂₂

Parameter: ω₂₃ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

-σ₂₃σ₂₄+σ₂₂σ₃₄+σ₂₄ω₂₃,
σ₁₃σ₂₂-σ₁₂σ₂₃+σ₁₂ω₂₃

Parameter: ω₃₃ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

-σ₂₄²σ₃₃+2σ₂₃σ₂₄σ₃₄-σ₂₂σ₃₄²+σ₂₄²ω₃₃,
-σ₁₂σ₂₄σ₃₃-σ₁₃σ₂₂σ₃₄+2σ₁₂σ₂₃σ₃₄+σ₁₂σ₂₄ω₃₃,
-σ₁₃²σ₂₂+2σ₁₂σ₁₃σ₂₃-σ₁₂²σ₃₃+σ₁₂²ω₃₃

Parameter: ω₄₄ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

-σ₄₄+ω₄₄

Total Effect of X₁ on X₃: λ₁₂λ₂₃ Identified

Each Parameter Identified

Back Door Criterion:


{1} ⊥ {2,3} | {}
{1} ⊥ {2,3} | {4}

Vanishing Ideal

Constraint Set:

σ₁₃σ₂₄-σ₁₂σ₃₄,
σ₁₃σ₁₄-σ₁₁σ₃₄,
σ₁₂σ₁₄-σ₁₁σ₂₄

All constraints are determinantal

Trek-separation:

{2,3} ⊥ {1,4} | ({2},{})
{1,2,3} ⊥ {1,4} | ({1},{})
{1,2,3} ⊥ {3,1,4} | ({1},{3})
{1,2,3} ⊥ {2,1,4} | ({1},{2})