Parameter: λ₁₃ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

σ₁₁λ₁₃-σ₁₃

Single Door Criterion:

{1} ⊥ {2,3} | {}
{1} ⊥ {3} | {2}

Parameter: λ₁₄

Parameter: λ₂₃

Parameter: λ₃₄ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

σ₂₃λ₃₄-σ₂₄

Instrumental Variable:

2 | {}
2 | {1}

Parameter: ω₁₁ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

-σ₁₁+ω₁₁

Parameter: ω₁₄

Parameter: ω₂₂ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

-σ₂₂+ω₂₂

Parameter: ω₂₃

Parameter: ω₃₃

Parameter: ω₃₄ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

σ₁₃σ₁₄σ₂₃-σ₁₃²σ₂₄+σ₁₁σ₂₄σ₃₃-σ₁₁σ₂₃σ₃₄+σ₁₁σ₂₃ω₃₄

Parameter: ω₄₄

Total Effect of X₁ on X₄: λ₁₃λ₃₄+λ₁₄

Path-specific Effect of X₁ on X₄: λ₁₃λ₃₄ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

σ₁₁σ₂₃λ₁₃λ₃₄-σ₁₃σ₂₄

Total Effect of X₂ on X₄: λ₂₃λ₃₄

Vanishing Ideal

Constraint Set:

σ₁₂

All constraints are determinantal

Trek-separation:

{1} ⊥ {2} | ({},{})