Parameter: λ₁₃ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

σ₁₁λ₁₃-σ₁₃

Single Door Criterion:

{1} ⊥ {2,3} | {}
{1} ⊥ {3} | {2}

Parameter: λ₁₄ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

σ₁₁σ₂₃λ₁₄-σ₁₄σ₂₃+σ₁₃σ₂₄

Parameter: λ₂₃ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

σ₂₂λ₂₃-σ₂₃

Single Door Criterion:

{2} ⊥ {1,3,4} | {}
{2} ⊥ {3,4} | {1}

Parameter: λ₃₄ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

σ₂₃λ₃₄-σ₂₄

Instrumental Variable:

2 | {}
2 | {1}

Parameter: ω₁₁ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

-σ₁₁+ω₁₁

Parameter: ω₂₂ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

-σ₂₂+ω₂₂

Parameter: ω₃₃ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

σ₁₃²σ₂₂+σ₁₁σ₂₃²-σ₁₁σ₂₂σ₃₃+σ₁₁σ₂₂ω₃₃

Parameter: ω₃₄ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

σ₁₃σ₁₄σ₂₃-σ₁₃²σ₂₄+σ₁₁σ₂₄σ₃₃-σ₁₁σ₂₃σ₃₄+σ₁₁σ₂₃ω₃₄

Parameter: ω₄₄ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

σ₁₄²σ₂₃²-2σ₁₃σ₁₄σ₂₃σ₂₄+σ₁₃²σ₂₄²-σ₁₁σ₂₄²σ₃₃+2σ₁₁σ₂₃σ₂₄σ₃₄-σ₁₁σ₂₃²σ₄₄+σ₁₁σ₂₃²ω₄₄

Total Effect of X₁ on X₄: λ₁₃λ₃₄+λ₁₄ Identified

Each Parameter Identified

Back Door Criterion:


{1} ⊥ {2,3,4} | {}
{1} ⊥ {3,4} | {2}

Total Effect of X₂ on X₄: λ₂₃λ₃₄ Identified

Each Parameter Identified

Back Door Criterion:


{2} ⊥ {1,3,4} | {}
{2} ⊥ {3,4} | {1}

Vanishing Ideal

Constraint Set:

σ₁₂

All constraints are determinantal

Trek-separation:

{1} ⊥ {2} | ({},{})