Parameter: λ₁₃

Parameter: λ₁₄

Parameter: λ₂₄ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

σ₂₂λ₂₄-σ₂₄

Single Door Criterion:

{2} ⊥ {1,3,4} | {}
{2} ⊥ {1,4} | {3}
{2} ⊥ {3,4} | {1}
{2} ⊥ {4} | {1,3}

Parameter: λ₃₄

Parameter: ω₁₁ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

-σ₁₁+ω₁₁

Parameter: ω₁₃

Parameter: ω₁₄

Parameter: ω₂₂ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

-σ₂₂+ω₂₂

Parameter: ω₃₃

Parameter: ω₄₄

Total Effect of X₁ on X₄: λ₁₃λ₃₄+λ₁₄

Path-specific Effect of X₁ on X₄: λ₁₃λ₃₄

Vanishing Ideal

Constraint Set:

σ₂₃,
σ₁₂

All constraints are determinantal

Trek-separation:

{2} ⊥ {1,3} | ({},{})
{1,2} ⊥ {1,3} | ({1},{})
{3,2} ⊥ {1,3} | ({3},{})
{4,2} ⊥ {1,3} | ({4},{})