Parameter: λ₁₃

Parameter: λ₁₄ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

σ₁₁σ₂₃λ₁₄-σ₁₄σ₂₃+σ₁₃σ₂₄

Parameter: λ₃₄ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

σ₂₃λ₃₄-σ₂₄

Instrumental Variable:

2 | {}
2 | {1}

Parameter: ω₁₁ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

-σ₁₁+ω₁₁

Parameter: ω₁₃

Parameter: ω₂₂ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

-σ₂₂+ω₂₂

Parameter: ω₂₃ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

-σ₂₃+ω₂₃

Parameter: ω₃₃

Parameter: ω₃₄ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

σ₁₃σ₁₄σ₂₃-σ₁₃²σ₂₄+σ₁₁σ₂₄σ₃₃-σ₁₁σ₂₃σ₃₄+σ₁₁σ₂₃ω₃₄

Parameter: ω₄₄ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

σ₁₄²σ₂₃²-2σ₁₃σ₁₄σ₂₃σ₂₄+σ₁₃²σ₂₄²-σ₁₁σ₂₄²σ₃₃+2σ₁₁σ₂₃σ₂₄σ₃₄-σ₁₁σ₂₃²σ₄₄+σ₁₁σ₂₃²ω₄₄

Total Effect of X₁ on X₄: λ₁₃λ₃₄+λ₁₄

Path-specific Effect of X₁ on X₄: λ₁₃λ₃₄

Vanishing Ideal

Constraint Set:

σ₁₂

All constraints are determinantal

Trek-separation:

{1} ⊥ {2} | ({},{})