Parameter: λ₁₃

Parameter: λ₂₄

Parameter: λ₃₄

Parameter: ω₁₁ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

-σ₁₁+ω₁₁

Parameter: ω₁₃

Parameter: ω₁₄

Parameter: ω₂₂ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

-σ₂₂+ω₂₂

Parameter: ω₂₄

Parameter: ω₃₃

Parameter: ω₃₄

Parameter: ω₄₄

Total Effect of X₁ on X₄: λ₁₃λ₃₄

Vanishing Ideal

Constraint Set:

σ₂₃,
σ₁₂

All constraints are determinantal

Trek-separation:

{2} ⊥ {1,3} | ({},{})
{1,2} ⊥ {1,3} | ({1},{})
{3,2} ⊥ {1,3} | ({3},{})
{4,2} ⊥ {1,3} | ({4},{})