Parameter: λ₂₃ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

σ₂₂λ₂₃-σ₂₃

Single Door Criterion:

{2} ⊥ {1,3} | {}
{2} ⊥ {3} | {1}

Parameter: λ₂₄

Parameter: λ₃₄ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

σ₂₃²λ₃₄-σ₂₃σ₂₄-σ₂₂σ₃₃λ₃₄+σ₂₂σ₃₄

Single Door Criterion:

{3} ⊥ {1,4} | {2}
{3} ⊥ {4} | {1,2}

Parameter: ω₁₁ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

-σ₁₁+ω₁₁

Parameter: ω₂₂ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

-σ₂₂+ω₂₂

Parameter: ω₂₄

Parameter: ω₃₃ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

σ₂₃²-σ₂₂σ₃₃+σ₂₂ω₃₃

Parameter: ω₄₄

Total Effect of X₂ on X₄: λ₂₃λ₃₄+λ₂₄

Path-specific Effect of X₂ on X₄: λ₂₃λ₃₄ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

σ₂₂σ₂₃²λ₂₃λ₃₄-σ₂₃²σ₂₄-σ₂₂²σ₃₃λ₂₃λ₃₄+σ₂₂σ₂₃σ₃₄

Vanishing Ideal

Constraint Set:

σ₁₄,
σ₁₃,
σ₁₂

All constraints are determinantal

Trek-separation:

{1} ⊥ {2,3,4} | ({},{})
{2,1} ⊥ {2,3,4} | ({2},{})
{3,1} ⊥ {2,3,4} | ({3},{})
{4,1} ⊥ {2,3,4} | ({4},{})
{1,2} ⊥ {2,3} | ({},{2})
{2,3,1} ⊥ {2,3,4} | ({2,3},{})
{2,4,1} ⊥ {2,3,4} | ({2,4},{})
{3,4,1} ⊥ {2,3,4} | ({3,4},{})
{2,1,3} ⊥ {3,2,4} | ({2},{3})