Parameter: λ₂₃ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

σ₂₂λ₂₃-σ₂₃

Single Door Criterion:

{2} ⊥ {1,3} | {}
{2} ⊥ {3} | {1}

Parameter: λ₂₄

Parameter: λ₃₄

Parameter: ω₁₁ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

-σ₁₁+ω₁₁

Parameter: ω₂₂ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

-σ₂₂+ω₂₂

Parameter: ω₃₃ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

σ₂₃²-σ₂₂σ₃₃+σ₂₂ω₃₃

Parameter: ω₃₄

Parameter: ω₄₄

Total Effect of X₂ on X₄: λ₂₃λ₃₄+λ₂₄ Identified

Algebraic Equations:

σ₂₂λ₂₃λ₃₄+σ₂₂λ₂₄-σ₂₄

Back Door Criterion:

{2} ⊥ {1,3,4} | {}
{2} ⊥ {3,4} | {1}

Path-specific Effect of X₂ on X₄: λ₂₃λ₃₄

Vanishing Ideal

Constraint Set:

σ₁₄,
σ₁₃,
σ₁₂

All constraints are determinantal

Trek-separation:

{1} ⊥ {2,3,4} | ({},{})
{2,1} ⊥ {2,3,4} | ({2},{})
{3,1} ⊥ {2,3,4} | ({3},{})
{4,1} ⊥ {2,3,4} | ({4},{})
{1,2} ⊥ {2,3,4} | ({},{2})
{2,3,1} ⊥ {2,3,4} | ({2,3},{})
{2,4,1} ⊥ {2,3,4} | ({2,4},{})
{3,4,1} ⊥ {2,3,4} | ({3,4},{})
{3,1,2} ⊥ {2,3,4} | ({3},{2})
{4,1,2} ⊥ {2,3,4} | ({4},{2})